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About Mongolia

ABOUT MONGOLIA

  • Location: Central Asia, bordering Russia and China. Sustainable travel

  • Area: 1.566.500 sq. km

  • Population: 3.2 million

  • Highest point: Khuiten peak (4.374) in the Tavan Bogd mountain in the Altai mountain range

  • Climate: Continental, with little precipitation and sharp seasonal fluctuations

  • Average temperature: +20 °C in summer and -24 °C in winter

  • Government: Parliamentary democracy with a president elected every four years

  • Region: 21 aimag (provinces) or administrative regions

  • Capital: Ulaanbaatar, informally known as UB

  • Language: Mongolian sustainable travel

  • Religion: Buddhist Lamaism, Muslim (primarily in the southwest), Shamanist, and Christian

  • Public holiday: Tsagaan Sar (3 days) Feb, Naadam /national holiday/ July 11-13, Mothers and Children's Day June

  • Currency: Tugrug (1USD 3549 approximately by January 2026) 

  • Time: Three times zone; GTB +6, +7, +8

Mongolian traditional script

Language

The Mongolian language is classified within the Ural-Altaic language family, which also includes Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek, Finnish, and Korean. The official national language is Mongolian. Ethnic groups in Mongolia have their own dialects, and some phrases can be misunderstood across different groups.
Mongolian traditional script, Uigarjin script, became the official script in the 12th century.

Mongolian shaman is dancing

Religion

From the 13th century, Mongolia had religious freedom, and people could practice religions such as Shamanism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Mongolians live very close to nature and understand how to care for it; the original Mongolian religion was shamanism. sustainable travel 

This was practiced from the time of the Huns and the 13th century. The shaman leader gave Chinggis Khan his mane. sustainable travel 

The third time Buddhism spread in Mongolia was from Tibet in the 16th century. Mongolian Buddhism is, in many ways, however, there are enough distinct features to refer to Mongolian Buddhism practice. 

Chinggis khan picture in mongolia

History

The traces of the first human settlements, dating back 800,000 years, were found in Mongolian territory. Some historians even say that the land was inhabited by humans as early as 2 million years ago.
The best-known period of Mongolian history relates to Chinggis Khaan and his descendants, who conquered half of the world in the 13th century. sustainable travel
As the country is home to nomadic civilizations and a highly competitive race to conquer its territories, almost no constructed evidence remains. However, some charming monasteries and ruins of ancient cities are still visible today. sustainable travel
Travelers interested in ancient history can visit deer stones, balbal stones, rock drawings, burial mounds, and noblemen-related monuments throughout Mongolia. sustainable travel

Mongolian traditional food bbq

Mongolian food

Mongolian cuisine is divided into dairy products and meat dishes. The meat food comprises meals made solely from pure, fresh meat. The uncut meat is boiled with other seasonings, flavored with vegetables, and served. sustainable travel
The uncut meat is also used to make unique national dishes such as horhog (pieces of meat cooked by placing them in a sealed vessel with red-hot stones inside) and boodog (the whole goat or marmot cooked with red-hot stones set inside). Therefore, two of the most popular dishes are Buuz (a meat-filled steamed dumpling) and Khuushuur (deep-fried pastry).
In the summertime, Mongolians prefer to drink fermented milk (mare's milk), cow's and goat's milk, and yogurt, and to eat dried curds, cream, and cheese, all of which contain various vitamins and minerals. 

Mongolian nomadic people

People

Mongolia has approximately 3.2 million people. Most of Mongolia's population is Khalkha Mongols (85%), but minority groups include Kazakh, Dorvod, Bayad, Buriad, Dariganga, Zahchin, Urianhai, Oold, Torguud, and more. sustainable travel

In other words, there are more than 20 ethnic groups. The largest of these minority groups, Kazakhs, make up around 5% percent of the total population. The nation also has a large share of young people, with over 60% under 30 and 40% under 14. sustainable travel

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